【英文标准名称】:SelectionofMethodsofParticleSizeAnalysisofFluvialSediments(ManualMethods)
【原文标准名称】:河水中沉淀物粒度分析方法的选择
【标准号】:ASTMD4822-1988
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1988
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:导则;粒度;沉淀物;粒度测量
【英文主题词】:particlesizemeasurement;guidelines;sediment;particlesize
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:19_120;13_060_40
【页数】:3P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforConductingLife-CycleToxicityTestswithSaltwaterMysids
【原文标准名称】:用海水糠虾进行生活史毒性试验的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1191-2003a(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:flow-throughtest;lifecycle;mysids;toxicitytest;Aqueousenvironments;Biologicaldataanalysis;Broodstocktanks;Chamber;Contactstocksolutions;Flow-throughtestchambers;Freshwater;Lifecycle(ofaquaticorganisms);Marineenvironments;
【摘要】:Protectionofaspeciesrequirespreventionofunacceptableeffectsonthenumber,weight,health,andusesoftheindividualsofthatspecies.Alife-cycletoxicitytestisconductedtodeterminewhatchangesinthenumbersandweightsofindividualsofthetestspeciesresultfromeffectsofthetestmaterialonsurvival,growth,andreproduction.Informationmightalsobeobtainedoneffectsofthematerialonthehealthandusesofthespecies.Resultsoflife-cycletestswithmysidsmightbeusedtopredictlong-termeffectslikelytooccuronmysidsinfieldsituationsasaresultofexposureundercomparableconditions.Resultsoflife-cycletestswithmysidsmightbeusedtocomparethechronicsensitivitiesofdifferentspeciesandthechronictoxicitiesofdifferentmaterials,andalsotostudytheeffectsofvariousenvironmentalfactorsonresultsofsuchtests.Resultsoflife-cycletestswithmysidsmightbeanimportantconsiderationwhenassessingthehazardsofmaterialstoaquaticorganisms(seeGuideE1023)orwhenderivingwaterqualitycriteriaforaquaticorganisms(1).3Resultsofalife-cycletestwithmysidsmightbeusefulforpredictingtheresultsofchronictestsonthesametestmaterialwiththesamespeciesinanotherwaterorwithanotherspeciesinthesameoradifferentwater(2).Mostsuchpredictionstakeintoaccountresultsofacutetoxicitytests,andsotheusefulnessoftheresultsfromalife-cycletestwithmysidsisgreatlyincreasedbyalsoreportingtheresultsofanacutetoxicitytest(seeGuideE729)conductedunderthesameconditions.Resultsoflife-cycletestswithmysidsmightbeusefulforstudyingthebiologicalavailabilityof,andstructure-activityrelationshipsbetween,testmaterials.Resultsoflife-cycletestswithmysidsmightbeusefulforpredictingpopulationeffectsonthesamespeciesinanotherwaterorwithanotherspeciesinthesameoradifferentwater(3).1.1Thisguidedescribesproceduresforobtaininglaboratorydataconcerningtheadverseeffectsofatestmaterialaddedtodilutionwater,butnottofood,oncertainspeciesofsaltwatermysidsduringcontinuousexposurefromimmediatelyafterbirthuntilafterthebeginningofreproductionusingtheflow-throughtechnique.Theseprocedureswillprobablybeusefulforconductinglife-cycletoxicitytestswithotherspeciesofmysids,althoughmodificationsmightbenecessary.1.2Othermodificationsoftheseproceduresmightbejustifiedbyspecialneedsorcircumstances.Althoughusingappropriateproceduresismoreimportantthanfollowingprescribedprocedures,resultsoftestsconductedusingunusualproceduresarenotlikelytobecomparabletoresultsofmanyothertests.Comparisonofresultsobtainedusingmodifiedandunmodifiedversionsoftheseproceduresmightprovideusefulinformationonnewconceptsandproceduresforconductinglife-cycletoxicitytestswithsaltwatermysids.1.3Theseproceduresareapplicabletoallchemicals,eitherindividuallyorinformulations,commercialproducts,orknownmixtures,thatcanbemeasuredaccuratelyatthenecessaryconcentrationsinwater.Withappropriatemodifications,theseprocedurescanbeusedtoconducttestsontemperature,dissolvedoxygen,andpHandonsuchmaterialsasaqueouseffluents(seealsoGuideE1192),leachates,oils,particulatematter,sediments,andsurfacewaters.1.4Thisguideisarrangedasfollows: